frdaujrekaf.a i;shg Èk 8hs ñirfha i;shg Èk 10hs

frdaujrekaf.a i;shg Èk 8hs' ñirfha i;shg Èk 10hs'

oji" udih iy wjqreoao hk ld, tallhla fn§ we;af;a mD:súh" pkao%hd iy iQ¾hhd w;r isÿjk p¾hd fyj;a iajdNdúl ixisoaëka mdol lr f.kh' tfy;a i;sh hkq tjekakla fkdj ñksid úiska Tyqf.a m%fhdackh i|yd ukdmh mßÈ ie,iqï lr .kakd ,o ld, mßÉfþohls' .Ks;fha§ 2" 3" 4" 5" 6" 10" 12" 15" 20 iy 30 hk .Kkaj,ska fYaIhla ke;sj fnfok yefÜ ixLHdj - wdIaá l%uh - mdol lr .ekSug ;rï iqfïßhkajre nqoaêu;a jQy' tfy;a ojia yf;a i;sh jQl,s wjqreoao iy udih hk ld, tall ;=< iudkq.; fkdjkakls' ta njo fkd;ld Tjqka yf;a ixLHdj fuys§ f;dard .kakg fm,UqfKa wehs oehs wmg is;d .kakg mq¿jk' iqfïßhka mQcljre" f,dalfha jd¾;d.; wdÈ;u kele;alrefjda jQy' wyfiys ÈiajQ m%Odk wdldi jia;= y; y÷kdf.k tajdg foaj;ajh wdfrdamKh l< Tjqyq ta ta wdldi jia;+kao wod< foújrekaf.a kïj,skau ye£kajQy' iqfïßhka ckhd udih mgka .;af;a wudjl Èkfhks' oji wdrïN lf<a iQ¾h wia;x.kfhks'

Tn wo bx.%sis mqj;am;la fmr<d neÆjfyd;a tys wo oji ye¢kafjkq we;af;a ikafâ hk kñks' ,;ska niska th äfhia fida,sia jk w;r c¾uka niska fidkagdkah' fï ish,af,ka we.Ûfjkafka wo oji bre ke;akï iQ¾hhd fjkqfjka kï flÍ we;s njh'

tfy;a wfma bßod oji m%xi" b;d,s iy mD;=.Sis NdIdj,ska wkqms<sfj<ska ye¢kafjkafka äudlafIa" fvdfuksld iy fvdñkaf.da hk kïj,sks' ta jyr wkqj bßod hkq foúhkajykafiaf.a ojih' iQ¾hhd hkq foúhkajykafia fkdjk nj Tn okakd ksid ta jyfrys ixl,amSh wix.; njla fmfkkakg mq¿jk' tfy;a" i;sh hk ld, tallhg iïnkaO mg,eú,s iy .egÆ .ek u|la úuikafka kï" ta úrilh t;rïu wreuhla fkdjk nj Tng ye‍f.kq we;'

mqrdK hqfoõ ckhdo i;aÈk i;s l%uhla wkq.ukh l<y' Tjqka tfia i;a Èkla kshu lr .kafka wdldi jia;=j, ixLHdj wkqj fkdfõ' foúhka jykafia yh Èkla we;=<; uy fmdf<dj iy wyi ujd y;a jeks Èkfha úfõl .;a nj Tjqkaf.a wd.ñl ,shú,sj, i|yka jQ neúks' ta wkqj m<uqjeks Èk isg yh jekak olajd wxl ms<sfj<ska ye¢kajQ Tjqyq y;ajekak úfõl ^in;a& Èkh f,i kï l<y' isl=rdod ysre nei hEfuka wdrïNjQ th fikiqrdod ysre nei hEu;a iu. wjika úh' tfy;a l%sia;= ,íêlhka in;a oji f,i i,lkafka bßod ojih" th fPAiq;=ud u<jqkaf.ka ke.sàu isÿjQ Èkh f,i .ekSfuks'

mD;=.Sis ckhdo Tjqkaf.a i;sfhys uq,a ojia my wxl ms<sfj<ska y÷kaj;s' yh jekak iy y;a jekak wkqms<sfj<ska y÷kajkq ,nkafka indfvda iy fvdfuksld jYfhks' mqrd;k c¾uka ckhd i;sh jYfhka ojia mfya pl%hla wkq.ukh l<y' wo f,dj mqrd m%p,s; le,ekavrfhys i;sfha ojiaj,g fkda¾äla foaj kduhka y;rlau ,enqfKa ta jyr weiqfrks' úõ foúhd fjkqfjka áhqiafâ ^w.yrejdod&" ´äla foúhd fjkqfjka fjkaiafâ ^nodod&" f;da¾ foúhd fjkqfjka ;¾iafâ ^n%yiam;skaod& iy *aßhd foj.k fjkqfjka ^*arhsfâ& jYfhks' tfy;a j¾;udk c¾uka i;sfha nodod ye¢kafjkafka ñÜiafjdla hk kñks' i;s - uOHh hk wre; ñi thg ´äka foúhdf.a lsisu iïnkaOhla ke;'

tla jljdkqjl§ frdaukajreJaf.a i;sh ojia wglska iukaú; úh' ojia ye¢kajQfha frdauka wlaIr wkq ms<sfj<ska fhdod .ekSfuks' mqrdK ñir ck;djf.a i;shg ojia oyhla .eksK' weisßhkajrekaf.a i;shg ;snqfKa ojia yhls' m%xi úma,jfhka miq 1793 jif¾ m%xifhao ojia oyh ne.ska jQ i;s l%uhla wdrïN flreKs' tfy;a 1802 wfma%,a 18 mdial= Èkfha isg m%xYh h<s;a ojia yf;a i;s l%uhg keUqre úh'

reishdfõ ojia mfya i;s l%uhla 1929 jif¾ wdrïN flreKs' ojia ye¢kaùu i|yd fhdod .kakd ,oafoa ly" Tf¾kaÊ" r;=" oï iy fld< hk j¾Kj, kduhka h' ta ojia mfya i;sho 1932 § ojia yfha tlla f,i ixfYdaOkh lrkq ,eìKs' fujr ojia ye¢kafjkakg jQfha wxl ms<sfj<gh' reishdjg h<s;a i;a Èk i;sh ms<s.ekqfKa 1940 jif¾§h' tfy;a tys ojia y; kï lrkq ,en we;af;a wdldi jia;=j,g wkqj fkdfõ'

1960 oYlfha ueo Nd.fha§ wfma rfÜo i;r fmdah mdol lr.;a wuq;=u l%ufha fouqyqka i;s l%uhla wdrïN flreK nj we;eï jeäysá mdGlhkag wu;l ùug kqmq¿jk' fmdah - 1 fmdah - 2 wdÈ jYfhka ojia ye¢kajqKq fï pl%fhys i;s wka;h fhÿfKa fmr fmdah iy fmdah ojia fol we;=<;h' ta w;r ojiaj, idïm%odhsl kï o jHjydrfha mej;sKs' pkao%hd mdol fldg .;a ;s:sh ojfia ´kEu fõ,djl Wodúh yels neúka ojia yf;a i;s w;r;=r ojia wfÜ i;sj,go uqyqK §ug ck;djg isÿúh' isxy, fn!oaO wka;jd§ msßilf.a fm,Uùu u; tod rch .;a ta wufkda{ mshjfrys wid¾:l nj blaukskau fmfkkakg mgka .eksK' tys m%;sM,h jQfha f,dj my< jQ tlu isxy, - fn!oaO i;sh ldg;a fkdoekS bfígu fuka wfydais ùuhs'

isoaOd¾: f.!;u fndai;dKka jykafia nqoaO;ajh ,eîfuka miqj i;a i;shla úúO l%shdldrlïj, ksr; fjñka" lsisÿ fNdack lD;Hhla fkdlr c, iudm;a;sfhkau .;l< nj nqoaO pß;fhys i|ykah' fufia .;l< ld,h ojia 49 la jkakg we;ehs wmg fkdis;sh yelafla i;aÈk i;s l%uh tjlg oUÈfjys jHjydrjQ njla wm fkdokakd neúks' meh úis y;f¾ oji" i;a Èk i;sh" ojiaj, kï muKla fkdj" rdYs pl%fha kï iy ixfla; mjd Ndr;hg ,enqfKa .%Sl - frdau in|;d weiqfrka' fï nj ta't,a' nIdï ^wisßu;a bkaÈhdj - msgq 613 -615& iy fnßfâ,a lS;a ^ixialD; idys;H b;sydih - msgqj 779& hk úoaj;ayq o idOl iys;ju fmkajd fo;s'

me/Ks frdauka le,ekavrh mQclhka úiska Tjqkaf.a ukdmh wkqj fjkia lrkq ,eîu ksid th cq,shia iSi¾f.a md,k iuh jk úg mej;=fka wjq,a iy.; ;;a;ajhlh' R;= iu. iei‍fok mßÈ le,ekavrh ixfYdaOkh lrùfï§ iSi¾ úiska .kakd ,o uq,a mshjr jQfha l%s'mQ' 46 jeks wjqreoao ojia 445 la olajd §¾> lrkq ,eîuhs' t;eka isg wjqreoaolg ojia 365 1$4la fia .Kkh lsÍu;a" ieu isõ jirlgu tlla wêl wjqreoaola f,i ie,lSu;a ks¾foaY flreKs'

fulS cq,shka j¾Ifhys jqjo ienE j¾Ihg jvd úkdä 11 hs ;;amr 14 l muK fjkila ;sìK' th iq¿ fõ,djla jqj;a" jir 128 lg muK ojila ne.ska tl;= lrkakg m%udKj;a jQ fodils' l%s'j' 325 jif¾ jika; úIqjh ud¾;= 21 Èk iu.Û iul; úh' mdial= Èkh kshu lsÍfï§ jHla; úIqjh mdol fldg .ekqKq neúka th mriamrh úi£u i|yd l%siafgda*¾ laf,añhka kï úoHd{hdf.a Wmfoia ,;a XIII jeks f.%.ß mdma;=ud 1582 jifrka ojia 10 la lmd oeóug ksfhda. lf<ah'

by; lS ksfhda.h wkqj 1582 Tlaf;dan¾ udifha 04 jeks ^n%yiam;skaod& Èkhg miqj 15 jeks ^isl=rdod& Èkh f,i Wod jQfha i÷odjla úh hq;=j ;snqK ojils. flfia jqj;a fï ixfYdaê; f.%.ß le,ekavrh uq,§ ms<s.kq ,enqfKa lf;da,sl rdcHhka úiska muKhs' ngysr fm%df;ia;ka; iy fjk;a ksldhsl rgj, me/Ks cq,shka le,ekavrhu ;jÿrg;a jHjydr úh' fï ksid we;eï ngysr rdcHhkays Èk jljdkq muKla fkdj ojiaj, kï w;r mjd úrilhla mek ke.sKs' 1582 iema;eïn¾ iy Tlaf;dan¾ udij, wÆ;a iy me/Ks Èk o¾Yk ii|d ne,Sfuka fuh meyeÈ,s fjhs'

le,ekavrh ms<sn| fï wjq, tx.,ka;hg iy tys ckmohla jQ wefußldjg jvd;a n,mEfõ ta forfgys jHjydr j¾Ih tjlg wdrïN flrefKa ud¾;= 25 Èkfhka neúks' l,la iajdëkj mej;s iafldÜ,ka;fha o 1600 jif¾ isg ckjdß 01 Èfkka j¾Ih wdrïN lsÍu mgka .ekqfKa wfkl=;a hqfrdamSh rgj,a wkq.ukh lrñks' wka;sfï§ tx.,ka;fha n,OdÍyq o 'f.%.ß' le,ekavrh ms<s.ekSug iy ckjdß 01 Èkfhka j¾Ih wdrïN lsÍug ;SrKh l<y' fuh l%shd;aul flrefKa 1751$52 jif¾§h'

ta wkqj 1751 j¾Ih isß;a mßÈ ud¾;= 25 Èk wdrïN úh' tfy;a th foieïn¾ 32 Èfkka wjika flrefKa ojia 84 l W!K;ajhla iys;jh. .egÆj thska muKla ksrdlrKh jQfha ke;' tx.,ka;fha iy wefußldfõ ck;dj 1752 iema;eïn¾ 02 nodod rd;%sfha isß;a mßÈ kskaog .shy' tfy;a Tjqka h<s msìÿfKa 14 jeks n%yiam;skaod WoEikh. ojia 11 la ^f.%.ß ixfYdaOkhg wod< ojia 10 iy - kj l%uhg wkqj 1700 wêl j¾Ihla fkd jQfhka thg fh¥ wu;r oji o we;=¿ j& wfydais lrkq ,en ;sìK' by; lS ixfYdaOk ksid u;= jQ mg,eú,s fuys§ lsjhq;= ke;'

f.%.ß le,ekavrh ilia lsÍfï§ i÷od ojila isl=rdod jYfhka udre flreK nj by; i|yka úh' t;eka isg i;sfha ojiaj, kï tl È.gu udre ù we;' fï ish,af,kau meyeÈ,s jk jeo.;au lreK jkafka ojfia ku mdol lrf.k wfma ffoj{hka ilia lrk kele;aj,g fukau" ld, fydardj" rdyq ld,h" ure isák Èidj wdÈhg o lsisu ;¾ldkql+, njla fyda úoHd;aul mokula fkdue;s njh'

frdayK lia;=ß