.¾NkS ujqjrekaf.a msßñ orejka ;=<ska ia;%S ,laIK
hqfrdamd fldñifuka wka;rdodhl iq.kaOldrl j¾. 1328 la ;ykï
f,dj m%p,s;u iqj| ú,jqka j¾. 17l;a ydkslr, ryia ridhk
iemg iqj| ȧ ;reKhska j| lrk j|ldrl, ms<sldldrl iys; iqj| ú,jqka j¾.j, l;dj..
iqj| ú,jqka j, b;sydih mgka .kafka mqrdK Bðma;=fjks la,sfhdameÜrd /ðk ud¾la wekagkSj ji.lr .ekSu i|yd tla;rd iqj| ú,jqka j¾.hla Ndú; l< nj mejfia. .%Sisfha ma,Sks, jir 3,000 lg;a fmr iqj| ú,jqka ksIamdokh lrk wdldrh ms<sn| igyka lr ;sfí.
18 jk ishjfia m%xYfha xv jk Æù rcq, ;u wêlrKh Èkm;du iqj| ú,jqka j,ska iq.kaOj;a lf<ah. tod m%xYfha myf<diajk Æù rcqf.a md,k iuh f,dal b;sydih ;=< iq.kaOj;a u;lhka b;sß lr fkdue;. Tyqf.a l=m%lg wêlrKfhka ,enqKq ;Ska÷ ;SrK m%ldrj, wirK wysxil ñksiaiq ,laI .Kklg neiaà,hg ysr f.or fyda .s,àkhg .shy. pd,aia älkaia f.a,A Tale fo Two Cities fokqjr wkaorh keu;s m%lg kjl:dfjka Æù rcqf.a iq.kaOj;a wêlrKfha meálsßh wmg lshjd .kakg ms<sjk. tl, iajNdúl uQ,dY% mokï lr .;a iqj| ú,jqka ksIamdokh, wo jk úg jeä jYfhka úúO lD;%su ridhksl ixfhda. Ndú; lrk tjeks ixfhda. 6,000 la muK Ndú; flfr;ehs mejfia. fjf<ka|ka yg oejeka; ,dN W,am;a mdod fok uy oejeka; l¾udka;hla ù we;.
fuu iq.kaOj;a l¾udka;h iy fjf<|du tod Æúia rcqf.a iq.kaOj;a flrejdj ;rïu Nhdkl bijqjlg ukqj. ;,aÆ lrñka isák nj, we;eï iqj| ú,jqka j¾. j, ;sfnk ridhksl ixfhda.j, meálsßh úuid ne,Sfuka ;yjqre fjhs.
uj .,ajk iqj| ú,jqka ksidfjka, msßñ orejkag ksh; j|Ndjh.
ujf.a l=i ;=< j¾Okh jk msßñ l<,fha jDIK fldaI j,g, iqj| ú,jqka yd Yeïfmda j, ;sfnk we;eï ydkslr ridhksl o%jHhka ksidfjka, ia:sr f,iu ydks isÿjk nj;a, tu ydksh ksidfjka, fuf,dj t<sh olsk msßñ orejka, j|Ndjhg fyda, u| ireNdjhg fyda, wvq jhiska ms<sld frda. j,g f.dÿre úh yels nj;a, ngysr rgj,a ;=<, m%uqL;u úYajúoHd,hla jk, uyd n%s;dkHfha täkanfrda iriúhg wkqnoaO ffjoH m¾fhaIK ljqkais,fha, udkj úoHd tallfha m%uqL uydpd¾hjrfhl= jk, ßp¾â Idma" (Richard Sharpe) úiska t<s olajd we;s m¾fhaIK jd¾;djl oelafõ.
j¾I 2010 § weußld tlai;a ckmofha uyck fi!LH ms<sn| m%uqL ixúOdkhla jk "mdßißl jev iduQyslh" (EWG) keu;s wdh;kh iy "iqrlaIs; ú,jqka i|yd jk jHdmdrh" (CamÉign for Safe CÈmetið) keu;s iafjÉPd ixúOdkh iu. taldnoaOj, isÿ l< iólaIKhl §, trg fjf<|ie,a ;=< úlsKSug ;snqKq f,dj m%p,s; iqj| ú,jqka j¾. 17 la ;=<u ydkslr, ryia ridhksl o%jHhka (f,an,h u; i|yka fkdl<) wka;¾.;j ;snqKq njg fy<s ù ;sfí. tajdhska we;eï ridhksl o%jHhka m%ckk moaO;shg, fud<hg, fmkye,a,g, w;sYhskau ydkslr, ms<sldldrl tajd nj;a, Tjqkaf.a iólaIK jd¾;dfõ oelafõ.
1986 jif¾ § weußldkq úoHd welvñh úiska we;eï lD;%su iq.kaOldrl j¾., fud<fha ffi, j,g ydks lsÍug fya;= jk m%Odk ridhksl ixfhda. ldKav 6 ka tlla f,i kï lr we;. weußldkq mdßißl wdrlaIK wêldßfha (EPA) jd¾;djlska wk;=re w.jd we;af;a, trg Nhdklu úI j¾. we;af;a ndysr mßirh ;=< fkdj, ksfjia ;=< Ndú; flfrk, Yeïfmda, ksh wdf,amk, f;d,a wdf,amk, fndä f,daIkaia, fyhd vhs j¾., ú,jqka, fiaÿïldrl o%jHhka, uÿre úl¾Yl, .Dyia: lDñ kdYl, jeks .Dyia: ridhksl o%jHhka wdY%s; mdßfNda.sl ksIamdok ;=< njh.
ji ie.ùfï whs;sh
;u iqj| ú,jqka ksIamdokhg wkkHh jQ iqj|g fya;= jk ridhksl ixfhda.h l=ulaoehs f,an,fha i|yka fkdlsÍug fjf<| ryia i.jd .ekSfï Bkshd whs;shg, uqjd ù ksIamdolhskag l< yelsh. weußldkq wdydr yd T!IO wêldßh (FDA) we;=¿ f,dj fndfyduhla rgj,a fuu Bkshd whs;sh ms<sf.k we;. fï wkqj, iqj| ú,jqka j¾. j, muKla fkdj, isis,a îu, we;=¿ wdydr ksIamdok fndfyduhlu wvx.= o%jHhka mdßfNda.slhskaf.ka ie.ùfï whs;sh ksIamdolhskag ysñj we;.
iqj| ú,jqka ;=< t<smsg fyda ie.ù ;sìh yels, iq,N ridhksl o%jHhka lsysmhl meálsßh fufiah.
;ef,aÜ Phthalate
fuh w;sYhskau ydkslr ridhksl ixfhda.hls. m%N, fydafudak l%shdldß;ajh úhjq,a ldrlhla, (Endocrine disrupter) j|ldrlhla, iy ms<sldldrlhla f,i ye¢kafõ. ;ef,aÜ wvx.= fndfyduhla iqj| ú,jqka iy thd¾ fm%iaak¾ia, Yeïfmda j¾., ksh wdf,amk, ma,diaála <ore ksIamdok hqfrdamd fldñifï rgj,a j, imqrd ;ykï lr we;.
;jo, ms<sldldrlhla fukau, mqreI Yql%dKq úkdY lsÍug o fya;=ldrlhla jk, (DEP) keu;s iq.kaOldrlh, wfma rfÜ wf<ú flfrk we;eï iqj| ú,jqka j¾.j, f,an,h u; i|yka lr ;sfnKqo oel .; yelsh. we;eï wOHhkj,g wkqj fmkS f.dia we;af;a, DEP ridhkslh wvx.= iqj| ú,jqka j¾. iq,Nj Ndú; l< .¾NkS ujqjrekaf.a msßñ orejka ;=<ska ia;%S ,laIK fmkakqï flfrk njh.
w;sYhskau úI lia;=ß iqj|
weußldfõ Environmental working group wdh;kh (EWG) úiska lr we;s m¾fhaIKhl § fy<s ù we;af;a, lD;%su lia;=ß iqj|g fya;= jk Galaxolide iy Toilide jeks ridhksl ixfhda., jeoEuy yryd ujq l=i isák l<,hg o ixl%uKh jk njhs.
fuu ridhksl ixfhda. fyda¾fudak l%shdldß;ajh úhjq,a lr ouk nj;a, mshhqre ms<sld wjodku by< ouk nj;a, YÍrfha iajNdúl úi yrK hdka;%Kh (DetoxifiEtion) ì| ouk nj;a fy<s ù ;sfí. http://safecemetio.org
fidaähï fnkafidtaÜ
fuh cEï, fldäh,a jeks wdydr ksIamdok fukau iqj| ú,jqka, Yeïfmda, l%Sï j¾., fndä f,daIkaia , ,sma ndïia j¾. l,a;nd .ekSu i|ydo iq,Nj Ndú; lrk ridhksl o%jHhla fjhs. fuu ridhkslh wdydr Ô¾K ud¾.h Tiafia fukau iu yrydo laIKslj YÍr .; ù wmf.a ffi, j,g Tlaiscka iemhqu wvd, lrhs.
lD;%su we,afldfyd,a j¾. (Alcohol deit)
fïjd fmÜfg%da,shï mdol lr .;a, we,afldfyd,a j¾.hka fjhs. fuu ldKavfha we,afldfyd,a j¾. fndfyduhlau wid;añl;d j,g fya;= ldrl fjhs. hqfrdamd ix.ufha rgj,a j, f,an,a fr.=,dis m%ldrj fnkais,a we,afldfyd,a ;sfnk nj i|yka lsÍu wksjd¾h fjhs.
ìhqfÜka, whsfid ìhqfÜka, fm%dfmak
tx.,ka;fha úiQ 16 yeúßÈ fcdk;ka flamafj,a keu;s ;reK fhl=, tla;rd äTârkaÜ j¾.hla wêl f,i ld,hla ;siafia we. .e,aùu ksidfjka, 1998 jif¾§ yÈisfha yDohdndOhla je<£fuka ñh .sfhah. urK mÍlaIKfha § fy<s jQfha Tyqf.a isref¾ äTârkaÜ j, ;sfnk ìhqfÜka iy fm%dfmaka keu;s ridhksl ixfhda. wêlj ;snqKq njh. wfkla w;g, fuu ixfhda. p¾udndO, we÷u jeks wid;añl frda. W;aikak lrùug iu;a ridhksl o%jHhka o fjhs.
merîka
merîka j¾. rdYshla fjhs. iqj| ú,jqka j¾., Yeïfmda, fndä f,daIkaia, oyÈh .| j<lajk wdf,amk j¾., jeks ú,jqka ksIamdok l,a ;nd .ekSu i|yd Ndú; lrhs. mshhqre ms<sld frda.Skaf.a mshhqre mgl ;=<, merîka ixfhda. iq,Nj oelsh yels nj fidhd f.k ;sfí. j| ldrlhla, u| ireNdjhg fya;= jk ridhksl ldKavhla f,i;a ye¢kafjhs. fuh fndfyda rgj,a j, ;ykï lr we;. furg fjf<|ie,a ;=< wf<ú flfrkd fndfyduhla ksIamdok ;=< wka;¾.; fjhs.
fi!LHhg ys;lr iqj| ú,jqka Ndú;hlg hqfrdamd fldñiu iy fjk;a ms<s.;a wdh;k úiska ;u rgj,a j, ckhdg ,nd § we;s u.fmkaùï yd Wmfoia úuid ne,Sfï § tajd wm úiska o ms<smeoaodg jrola ke;s nj ye.S hhs. ú,jqka yd iqj| ú,jqka Ndú;fha § ms<smeÈh hq;= uQ,slu mQ¾jdrlaIl l%uh jkafka tajd yels;dla Ndú;fhka je<lSu fyda wju f,i Ndú; lsÍuhs. iaj,amh b;d lÈuhs.
iqj| ú,jqka j¾. Ndú; lrkjdkï iug fkdj, we÷fï .,ajd .kak.
ier iqj|la jykh jk ksIamdok Ndú; fkdlrkak. idudkHfhka Tn .,ajk iqj| j,jqka j¾.fha iqj| jykh úh hq;af;a Tfí wf;a ÿrg muKs. fmdÿ ia:dk j, thd¾ fm%iak¾ia jeks iqj|ldrl j¾. Ndú; fkdlrkak. lD;%su iq.kaOldrl j¾. wvx.= ksIamdok j,ska j<lskak. YÍrfha ixfõ§ ia:dk jk, lk msgqmi, fn,a,, uqyqK, weia, w;a,, m%ckk bkao%shh wdY%s;j iqj| ú,jqka j¾. .e,aùfuka j,lskak. iqj|ldrlfha ku i|yka fkdfõkï ñ, § fkd.kak
fnkaiSka ldKavh we;s ishÆu ksIamdok j,ska j<lskak
we÷u, y;sh, jeks wid;añl;d we;s Woúh, l=vd <uqka, .¾NkS ldka;djka isák ksfjiaj,, ia:dkj, iqj| ú,jqka fyda fjk;a iq.kaOldrl ldur iqj|ldrlhka jeks Ndú; fkdlrkak. iqj| ú,jqka yd ú,jqka j¾.j, ;sfnk iel lghq;= fyda ydkslr ridhksl o%jHhka j, meálsßh .ek oek .ekSu i|yd EWG fjí wvúfha http://www.ewg.org/skindeep/faq/ fj; msúfikak. iqoaoka úiska Ndú;h ;ykï lr we;s, bÈßfha§ ;ykï flfrk ridhksl o%jHhka w;ayod n,k m¾fhaIKd.dr óhka njg Tnj, Tfí orejdj m;a lr .kakg bv fkdfokak.
.euqKq id,sh fmf¾rd
uyck fi!LH mÍlaIl
Wmqgd .ekSu Èjhsk mqj;am;